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石墨的一个主要用处是生产制造耐火材料，包括耐火砖、石墨坩埚、连续铸造粉、铸模芯、铸模、洗濯剂和耐高温资料。近年来，耐火材料工业中两个重要的变化是镁碳砖在炼钢炉 内衬中被普遍应用，以及铝碳砖在连续铸造中的应用。